Should You Be Making Estimated Payments?
Should You Be Making Estimated Payments?
If your federal tax withholding isn’t enough to cover your total tax liability, you may need to make estimated tax payments. This typically applies if you earn income from sources such as interest, dividends, self-employment, capital gains, or other taxable income. The following rules explain how to make these payments without incurring an underpayment penalty.
How much to pay and when
Individuals subject to estimated tax requirements generally must pay 25% of a “required annual payment” by April 15, June 15 and September 15 of the tax year and January 15 of the following year to avoid an underpayment penalty. If one of those dates falls on a weekend or holiday, the payment is due on the next business day.
So the third installment for 2025 is due on Monday, September 15. Payments are made using Form 1040-ES and may be made electronically or on paper.
Who must pay
The general rule is that you may have to pay estimated tax for 2025 if both of these conditions apply:
1. You expect to owe at least $1,000 for 2025, after subtracting your withholding and tax credits, and
2. You expect your withholding and tax credits to be less than the smaller of: 90% of your 2025 tax liability or 100% of your 2024 tax liability (110% if your 2024 adjusted gross income was more than $150,000, or $75,000 if you’re married filing separately in 2025).
Calculating payments
If you do have to pay estimated taxes, calculating them requires projecting total income, deductions, credits and withholding for the year. After determining the required annual payment, divide that number by four and make four equal payments by the due dates.
But you may be able to use the annualized income method to make smaller payments during part of the year. This method is helpful to people whose income flow isn’t uniform over the year, perhaps because the business is seasonal.
For example, suppose your income comes exclusively from a business operated in a resort area during June, July and August. In that case, you may not have to make an estimated payment, or as large a payment, for the first two installments, and then you’ll need to “catch-up” when you make the third installment payment.
For more information
If you have questions about the estimated tax rules and how they apply to you, contact the office.
The Quirky Math Of Partnership Income
When it comes to taxation, partners in a business may find the math a bit puzzling. You may discover that the amount of partnership income you’re taxed on is more than the amount that was distributed to you. That’s a quirk of taxation that lies in the way partnerships and partners are taxed.
Pass-through taxation
Partnerships aren’t subject to income tax at the entity level. Instead, each partner is taxed on the earnings of the partnership, even if the profits aren’t distributed.
Similarly, if a partnership incurs a loss, it’s passed through to the partners. (However, various rules may prevent partners from currently using their shares of the partnership’s losses to offset other income.)
Filing responsibilities
A partnership must file an information return, IRS Form 1065, “U.S. Return of Partnership Income.” On this form, the partnership separately identifies income, deductions, credits and other items.
This allows partners to properly treat items that are subject to limits or other rules that could affect their treatment at the partner level. Examples of items that may require special treatment include capital gains and losses, interest expense on investment debts, and charitable contributions. Each partner receives a Schedule K-1, showing their share of partnership items for the tax year.
Basis and distribution rules ensure that partners aren’t taxed twice. A partner’s initial basis in his or her partnership interest (which varies depending on how the interest was acquired) is increased by his or her share of partnership taxable income. When that income is paid out to partners in cash, they aren’t taxed on the money if they have sufficient basis. Instead, partners reduce their basis by the amount of the distribution. If a cash distribution exceeds a partner’s basis, then the excess is taxed to the partner as a gain.
Heads up!
Understanding the ins and outs of partnership taxation can help you avoid surprises come tax time. If you’re unsure how these rules apply to your specific situation, especially with complex items such as losses or special allocations, don’t hesitate to reach out. Contact the office for help with the math and with whatever other questions you may have.
